Potty training isn’t just about having a small toilet or taking off diapers — it’s about a big set of skills coming together inside your child’s growing brain.
Around 12 to 18 months, kids start noticing when they’re wet or dirty. They might tug at their diaper, try to pull it off, or get curious about what’s happening “down there.” This body awareness is the first sign they’re beginning to connect feelings (like a full bladder) to what comes next.
By age two, their thinking skills jump ahead. They can picture where the potty is, remember past times they used it, and even plan how to get there. This is called symbolic thought — when kids can imagine things that aren’t right in front of them. You might see this when your child plays pretend with stuffed animals or dolls using the potty, or when they announce they need to go and actually head to the bathroom.
By 2½ to 3 years old, most children have stronger memory and problem-solving skills, helping them pause what they’re doing and stay focused long enough to make it to the potty. They’re also better able to tell you what they’re feeling, ask for help, or share fears (like being nervous about flushing). These developments make potty training much easier — and waiting for them can save everyone frustration.
Why This Matters
Trying to potty train before your child has the thinking, planning, and talking skills they need can lead to lots of stress — for both you and your child. Knowing what’s happening inside their developing brain helps you work with your child’s natural growth, not against it. It’s a reminder that potty training is a team effort, and your child’s readiness matters just as much as your routine.
Try This at Home
✅ Notice and name body cues. When you see your child showing signs of being wet or dirty, gently name what’s happening (“Oh, you’re wet! That means you peed.”). This builds their awareness.
✅ Offer play opportunities. Let your child’s toys “practice” potty time — dolls or stuffed animals sitting on a toy potty — to help them explore the idea in a low-pressure way.
✅ Watch for problem-solving moments. Notice when your child solves little challenges on their own (like figuring out how to stack blocks or get a snack). These same thinking skills will help them succeed at potty training when the time is right.
Source: American Academy of Pediatrics. (2003). Guide to Toilet Training. Last updated November 2, 2009. Copyright © 2003 American Academy of Pediatrics.